Probability
The rules and language of chance, from sample spaces to conditional probability.
9 terms
ComplementThe complement of an event is the event that it does not occur, containing every outcome outside it.Conditional probabilityConditional probability is the probability that one event occurs given that another event has already occurred.EventAn event is a subset of the sample space, that is, any collection of outcomes of a random process.Independent eventsTwo events are independent when one occurring does not change the probability of the other.Law of large numbersThe law of large numbers says that as the number of trials grows, the average of the results tends to settle close to the true expected value.Mutually exclusive eventsMutually exclusive events cannot both occur on the same trial, so they share no outcomes.ProbabilityProbability is a number from 0 to 1 measuring how likely an event is, with 0 meaning impossible and 1 meaning certain.Sample spaceThe sample space is the set of all possible outcomes of a random process or experiment.SimulationA simulation imitates a chance process using repeated random outcomes, then estimates a probability from the fraction of trials that give the event.