Question wording bias

Question wording bias occurs when a confusing or leading survey question pushes responses away from the true value in one direction.

The problem sits in the question itself rather than in who was sampled, which makes it a form of response bias. For example, asking "Do you support wasteful spending on a new stadium?" pulls answers toward no in a way that neutral wording would not. Loaded adjectives and the order the questions come in do the same thing. A separate strand of response bias comes from self-reported answers on topics people are embarrassed to answer honestly. A larger sample just asks the same slanted question more times, so it does not improve the estimate.

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